The Wild Reed: Hallowtide

Showing posts with label Hallowtide. Show all posts

Saturday, November 01, 2025

November Song

The end is not the end;
it’s just a beginning.

What many consider to be the Celtic New Year takes place this evening. It’s a turning that has its roots in the Gaelic festival of Samhain (pronounced sow-in) which marks the end of the harvest season and the beginning of winter, the “darker half” of the year. It is held on November 1 but its celebration begins on the evening of October 31 as the Celtic day began and ended at sunset.

Samhain is one of the four Gaelic seasonal festivals along with Imbolc, Beltaine and Lughnasa. Historically it was widely observed throughout Ireland, Scotland, and the Isle of Man. Similar festivals took place in Wales, Cornwall, and Brittany.

Wikipedia notes that:

Like Beltaine, Samhain was a liminal or threshold festival, when the boundary between this world and the Otherworld thinned, meaning the Aos Sí (the “spirits” or “faeries”) could more easily come into our world. Most scholars see the Aos Sí as remnants of pagan gods. At Samhain, they were appeased with offerings of food and drink, to ensure the people and their livestock survived the winter. The souls of dead kin were also thought to revisit their homes seeking hospitality, and a place was set at the table for them during a meal. Mumming and guising were part of the festival from at least the early modern era, whereby people went door-to-door in costume reciting verses in exchange for food. The costumes may have been a way of imitating, and disguising oneself from, the Aos Sí. Divination was also a big part of the festival and often involved nuts and apples.

As you’ve no doubt ascertained, many features of Samhain have been incorporated into the Catholic celebrations of November 1, “All Hollows Day” (or “All Saints Day”) and November 2, “All Souls Day.” Filtered through these celebrations, elements of Samhain also emerge in the modern holiday of Halloween.

Hallowtide, is the name I use for the time of transformative power that all these names, origins, meanings, and dates call to mind and heart.

A song which for me calls to mind and heart the transformative power of Hallowtide is “Pretty Tune" by Kiki Dee (left) and Carmelo Luggeri (with guest artists Pandit Dinesh and Micky Simmons). It’s from Kiki and Carmelo’s sublime 1998 album Where Rivers Meet, a beautiful title that evokes the meeting of worlds associated with Hallowtide.

Hallowtide Blessings!

May this time of transformation
bring you the endings you need and
the beginnings you desire.

Dark afternoons, driving into strange cities
And if we feel the doubt, it’s only change
Back when the days were long we could do anything
Bathed in the sunlight
It’s just a different place

This is my November song
The end is not the end
It’s just a beginning
A year in your life
What’s in a name?
It’s just my pretty tune

Radio views, I’ll look and I’ll listen
But I think it maybe time not to buy these wares
Each step moves us on
Right now I’m going home
I’m going home

Friday, October 31, 2025

Something to Think About . . .

Halloween: a day when we get it right.

Strangers come to us, beautiful, ugly, odd or scary, and we accept them all without question, compliment them, treat them kindly, and give them good things.

Why don’t we live like that?

– Steve Garnass-Holmes

See also the previous Wild Reed posts:
• Halloween Thoughts
• A Hallowtide Reflection
• At Hallowtide, Pagan Thoughts on Restoring Our World and Our Souls
• Resilience and Hope
• An All Hallows Eve Reflection
• Hallowtide Reflections

Image: MelodyArtStyle.

Thursday, October 31, 2024

Samhain: Reaffirming the Oneness of All Spirits

Related Off-site Link:
In Memoriam: Edain McCoy (1957-2019) – Circle Sanctuary (March 23, 2019).

See also the previous Wild Reed posts:
• Samhain: A Time of Magick and Mystery
• At Hallowtide, Pagan Thoughts on Restoring Our World and Our Souls
• Resilience and Hope
• Hallowtide Reflections
• An All Hallows Eve Reflection
• Halloween Thoughts
• The End is Not the End
• Time to Go Inwards
• Autumnal (and Rather Pagan) Thoughts on the Making of “All Things New”

Tuesday, October 31, 2023

Time to Go Inwards

The year has come to a close, summer and spring’s fertile energy of growth and productivity has decayed away; the energy of the land is no longer geared towards outward displays. A soft wet darkness has taken hold and it is time to go inwards.

Inwards into our soil, closer to our souls, the dark and non-verbal place of feeling, where the language older than words sings to us and we find the voice of who we are, the seeds that wish to be grown into our lives.

A threshold opens up on the land, inviting a whole new way of being, a way that is as ancient as the earth’s bones but which goes against the modern cultural narrative of busyness, youth and productivity. And because of this, many struggle with the invitation the wild gives us at this time.

For perhaps those that struggle have depended on certain ways of being that give them external validation, or perhaps they haven’t learnt how to sit in quietude with themselves and fear what they will find there.

Yet the wild shows us over and over that we are cyclical beings, ever changing and shifting so we can live a healthful life; that the inner journey is just as vital as the outer.

This time is an invitation to drop all that isn’t you or what stands in the way of your becoming, and like a heavy cloak, let it compost away, so you can come nearer to your own magic.

This is a death, a death of old ways, given up as a gift, so we can grow.

– Brigit Anna McNeill
via Facebook
October 31, 2023

Tuesday, November 01, 2022

The End Is Not the End

. . . It’s just a beginning.

What many consider to be the Celtic New Year takes place this evening. It’s a turning that has its roots in the Gaelic festival of Samhain (pronounced sow-in), which marks the end of the harvest season and the beginning of winter, the “darker half” of the year. It is held on November 1 but its celebration begins on the evening of October 31 as the Celtic day began and ended at sunset.

Like Beltaine, Samhain was a liminal or threshold festival, when the boundary between this world and the Otherworld thinned, meaning the Aos Sí (the “spirits” or “faeries”) could more easily come into our world. Most scholars see the Aos Sí as remnants of pagan gods. At Samhain, they were appeased with offerings of food and drink, to ensure the people and their livestock survived the winter. The souls of dead kin were also thought to revisit their homes seeking hospitality, and a place was set at the table for them during a meal. Mumming and guising were part of the festival from at least the early modern era, whereby people went door-to-door in costume reciting verses in exchange for food. The costumes may have been a way of imitating, and disguising oneself from, the Aos Sí. Divination was also a big part of the festival and often involved nuts and apples.

Hallowtide Blessings!

May this time of transformation
bring you the endings you need and
the beginnings you desire.

Dark afternoons, driving into strange cities
And if we feel the doubt, it’s only change
Back when the days were long we could do anything
Bathed in the sunlight
It’s just a different place

This is my November song
The end is not the end
It’s just a beginning
A year in your life
What’s in a name?
It’s just my pretty tune

Radio views, I’ll look and I’ll listen
But I think it maybe time not to buy these wares
Each step moves us on
Right now I’m going home
I’m going home

Monday, October 31, 2022

Something to Think About . . .

Sunday, October 31, 2021

Remembering the Beloved Dead

Earlier today my friend Tim and I attended a procession and festival in south Minneapolis entitled El Grito de los Ancestros/The Cry of the Ancestors.

Presented by BareBones and Festival de las Calaveras (a Mexican Day of the Dead celebration), today’s event was dedicated to “honoring our ancestors, remembering the beloved dead, and fostering community unity.”

Saturday, October 31, 2020

Hallowtide Reflections

Today is Halloween, which here in the U.S. has become a horrendous commercial spectacle. This despite the fact that the day has roots in the Catholic celebrations of November 1, “All Hollows Day” (or “All Saints Day”) and November 2, “All Souls Day.”

Deeper still. . . . Elements of Halloween developed from a pagan holy day, the ancient Celtic feast of Samhain (pronounced sow-in), which was the eve of the new year. It was a time when it was believed the veil between this world and the next was at its thinnest, and people and spirits could “cross over,” could pass back and forth between the two worlds. Huge bonfires were lit on hilltops – some say to frighten away evil spirits; others, to warm the souls of the departed. Perhaps both.

Of Samhain, Colette O’Neill writes:

The ancient festival of Samhain marked the last day of the Celtic year, with the rising of the sun on the following morning illuminating the New Year and the turning of the wheel. Samhain was a crucial time of year, loaded with symbolic significance for the pre-Christian Irish. As they watched the sun descend into the western skies, the symbolic inference was that of a descent into the Otherworld. This marked the thinning of the veil, as those within the Otherworld were free to roam the Earth. The Sidhe, (faeries as we know them, for we know so little of them) have the power of shapeshifting and were deemed able to walk among us, unknown and unrecognisable to mortals. Alongside them travel our ancestors and other spirits we fail to recognise. It is a night filled with magic!

As perhaps you’ve discerned, I resonate more with the pagan Celtic understandings of this time of year than I do the Roman Catholic ones. And that's okay. Actually, what I find most meaningful is to gather of all the names, origins, meanings, and dates associated with this time of year and speak simply of Hallowtide, and to emphasize the transformative power, the witch power, that the time calls to mind and heart.

And so to mark Hallowtide this year at The Wild Reed, I share an excerpt from Dianne Sylvan’s book, The Circle Within, along with some of my photography that I hope captures some of the beauty and mystery of this special time of year. (You might recogize in these photos the Prayer Tree. There’s also a beautiful candlelit portrait of my friend Mahad, who, as I acknowledge here, currently hovers between this life and the next.)

Samhain is here . . . and darkness falls.

Traditionally, Samhain is a time of divination, of communicating with absent friends or the deepest parts of ourselves, the still silent waters in our spirits. . . . The water of Samhain is motionless, reflective, and we can look into its mirrored surface and see all the mysteries that lay beyond life. At Samhain, the past year finally slips away, and with one last breath we close our eyes . . . only to open them again at another time, another place, another life.

Water is usually associated with the west, the land of sunset, and Samhain is the moment when the sun’s last rays disappear behind the horizon and twilight drops its misty veil. We can look behind the veil and see things that were hidden by the light of day.

– Dianne Sylvan
Excerpted from The Circle Within”
Llewellyn Publications (2003)
p. 120

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Resilience and Hope

.
Earlier this evening, All Hallows Eve, my friends Brent, Sharon, and Cori and I attended BareBones' 26th Annual Halloween Outdoor Puppet Extravaganza at Hidden Falls Regional Park, on the Mississippi River in Saint Paul. It was my first time attending this popular Twin Cities cultural event. And, yes, it was definitely worth braving the chilly autumn night air to see it.

This year's extravaganza was entitled "And the Fires Will Burn," and I very much appreciate how Rah Diavola, co-director of BareBones, talks about what this means.

Resilience and Hope. When asked about this year’s theme, that is my answer.

As the seasons change and the veil thins, we take time to reflect on everything that is, all that has passed and that which is yet to come. The cycles of life and death, grief and loss, struggle and success carry on. We put our gardens to bed and bundle in our cocoons to weather the long, dark and cold nights that lay ahead. We take time to go inward, to heal, to transform. We struggle to break free from all that holds us back as we search for light. We hold onto hope for spring’s renewal.

We chose the dandelion as our thru line because of it’s simplicity. Within that simplicity, there is potency. Dandelions are a symbol of resistance, resilience and hope. They grow through the cracks and spread their seeds blown with wishes upon the wind and water. They are seen as weeds to be poisoned and destroyed. Yet they are brilliant medicinal healers and readily available food for all. Dandelions continue to flourish and provide nourishment in spite of it all.

Thru all of our struggles, our heartbreak, confusion, grief, and loss we must carry on. Find hope in the seeds scattered on the wind; in the river that rushes on; the webs that continue to weave; and in the fires that still burn.

Above and below: These figures immediately got my attention due to their resemblance to Cernunnos, antlered god of the ancient Celts.

Above and below: The Memorial Tree, where I lit a candle
for my father Gordon Bayly, who died earlier this year. The victims of violence, including Philando Castile, where especially remembered by the placing of their photographs on the tree and by the following invocation.

At this hour of Memorial ~ veils thin ~ We recall with grief all who have perished through the cruelty of oppression – victims of demonic hate. They lie in nameless graves, far off lonely fields, many have been scattered by the winds to the four corners, yet they shall not be forgotten for we take them into our hearts and give them a place besides our own cherished memories of loved ones. May their memories be an enduring blessing for all. In the rising of the sun and in its going down, we remember. In the blowing of the wind and in the chill of winter, we remember. In the opening of buds and the rebirth of spring, we remember them. We remember them. In the rustling of leaves and the beauty of autumn, we remember them. When we are weary and in need of strength, we remember them. So long as we live, they too shall live, for they are now a part of us as we remember them. . . .

See also the previous Wild Reed posts:
• Samhain: A Time of Magick and Mystery
• At Hallowtide, Pagan Thoughts on Restoring Our World and Our Souls
• The Pagan Roots of All Saints Day
• Halloween Thoughts
• An All Hallows Eve Reflection
• A Hallowtide Reflection
• “Call Upon Those You Love”
• All You Holy Men and Women
• Our Sacred Journey Continues: An All Saints and Souls Day Reflection
• An All Souls Day Reflection
• “A Dark Timelessness and Stillness Surrounds Her Wild Abandonment”
• Gabriel Fauré's “ChristoPagan” Requiem
• Advent: A “ChristoPagan” Perspective
• Magician Among the Spirits

Related Off-site Link:
Samhain: Honoring Ancestors of Craft and Tradition – Coby Michael Ward (Patheos, October 15, 2018).

Images: Michael J. Bayly (October 31, 2019).

Wednesday, October 31, 2018

Samhain: A Time of Magick and Mystery

[L]ate October/early November [has a power] over our collective psyches. There’s something spooky and marvelous about Samhain-time, something that was expressed by the Celts and by more modern peoples afterwards. Christians moved holidays to lay witness to the magick and mystery of late Autumn. Fear, coupled with the possibility of supernatural intervention, has remained a part of the holiday since its beginning and is still being celebrated today. The Irish-Celts may not have believed the “veil was thin” at Samhain, but they obviously believed that some sort of border between human and the other lifted in the Fall. There’s an irrepressible spirit in the air this time of year. It lived with our pagan forbearers and lives within us.

– Jason Mankey
Excerpted from "Samhain Past: History, Myth, and Mystery"
Patheos
October 16, 2014

Samhain Blessings!

May Samhain bring you the endings you need
and the beginnings you desire.

See also the previous Wild Reed posts:
• At Hallowtide, Pagan Thoughts on Restoring Our World and Our Souls
• The Pagan Roots of All Saints Day
• Halloween Thoughts
• An All Hallow's Eve Reflection
• A Hallowtide Reflection
• "Call Upon Those You Love"
• All You Holy Men and Women
• Our Sacred Journey Continues: An All Saints and Souls Day Reflection
• An All Souls Day Reflection
• "A Dark Timelessness and Stillness Surrounds Her Wild Abandonment"
• Gabriel Fauré's "ChristoPagan" Requiem
• Advent: A "ChristoPagan" Perspective
• Magician Among the Spirits

Related Off-site Links:
Halloween – Summer’s End, a Feast for Remembering – Kieran Bohan (A Brave Faith, October 31, 2015).
If a Druid Rings the Doorbell – Michael Tortorello (The New York Times, October 30, 2013).
How the Dead Danced With the Living in Medieval Society – Ashby Kinch (The Conversation, October 29, 2017).
Witches and Class Struggle – Silvia Federici (Jacobin, October 31, 2018).
What Ancient Cultures Teach Us About Grief, Mourning and Continuity of Life – Daniel Wojcik and Robert Dobler (The Conversation, November 1, 2017).
"Remember You Will Die" – and 11 Other Tips for a Better Death – Stephen Moss (The Guardian, October 30, 2018).

Opening image: Artist unknown.
Autumn images: Michael J. Bayly.

Tuesday, October 31, 2017

At Hallowtide, Pagan Thoughts on Restoring Our World and Our Souls

Today is Halloween, which here in the U.S., has become an abhorrent commercial spectacle. This despite the fact that the day has roots in the Catholic celebrations of November 1, “All Hollows' Day” (or “All Saints' Day”) and November 2, “All Souls' Day.”

Deeper still . . . elements of both these Christian feasts are grounded in a pagan holy day, the ancient Gaelic festival of Samhain (pronounced sow-in), which was the eve of the Gaelic new year. It was the time when it was believed the veil between this world and the next was at its thinnest, and people and spirits could “cross over,” could pass back and forth between the two worlds. Huge bonfires were lit on hilltops – some say to frighten away evil spirits; others, to warm the souls of the departed. Perhaps both.

Personally, I like to gather up all these names, origins, meanings, and dates and speak simply of Hallowtide, and emphasize the transformative power, the witch power, the time calls to mind.

As you might have gathered from recent posts (for example, here and here), I've been exploring a deep affinity that I'm discovering I have for paganism. This evening's post continues this exploration by highlighting a piece by Thomas Moore from his book Original Self: Living with Paradox and Originality. In this particular piece, Moore contends that modern life and thought have been severely weakened by a chauvinistic attitude toward paganism. We have to let go of this attitude, one that many hold as precious, in order to make holy once again the insights of paganism. Such a reinstatement of pagan sensibility, Moore says, will "restore to us our world and our souls."

Pagan religion is the great shadow of Western culture. For almost two millennia we have identified with a monotheistic world philosophy. It isn't simply that we have favored a Judeo-Christian religious life, but that all of our institutions and our individual way of life have developed precisely to exclude the religious piety of our pagan ancestors [and neo-pagans of today]. Paganism is not a belief system; it is a way of life in which one appreciates the holiness of every facet of experience and honors that holiness with specific rites and images.

Pagans saw [and see] sacredness and depth everywhere. . . . [And yet] when I was growing up Catholic, we were told that we Catholics had the truth and needed to convert the poor pagan souls to our way of seeing things. Just recently I wrote an essay on the virtues of pagan spirituality, and I received letters from Christian pastors telling me how wrong I was and how dangerous it is to speak on behalf of paganism. Ours is supposedly an age of ecumenism, but apparently our largesse doesn't extend as far as pagan piety.

Without the insights of pagan spirituality, we divide our lives into two separate categories – the sacred and the profane. The first is given over to the church, the second to the rest of existence. We talk about how our religious practice should influence our daily lives, but it does so at a distance because the two are imagined as fundamentally different. Our lives would be radically transformed if we could perceive, in good pagan fashion, religious issues in business, for example, and spirituality in our sexual relationships.

We are pleased with some of the achievements of the ancient Egyptian, Greek, and Roman cultures. We still benefit from their inventions in logic, language, and law, but we stop short of their theological insights. We love the practicality of Aristotle, even if his influence on our work is only implicit, but we don't know what to make of the mysticism and poetics, the focus on soul and the therapeutic life, in Plato and Plotinus.

A few theologians, such as Hugo Rahner and David Miller, have explored some of the ways pagan spiritual insight lies behind Judeo-Christian motifs and beliefs. They demonstrate that our frontal beliefs still lie on the ground of a worldly spirituality. The Celtic world, too, still shows evidence of an implicit blending of pagan and Christian. Paganism still lives, but as some say, it now thrives in the arts, and maybe that is why the most unpagan among us chastise the arts.

We are so accustomed to imagining spirituality without body, sex, and imagination that when we see them linked, we judge them spurious and treat them as a threat. For too long we have lived in the gray anti-pagan world of abstraction, where our God has fallen out of love with his creation. We have become too acquainted with self-restraint, so that we don't know the holiness of indulgence. When acknowledging the spirit, we look up into the emptiness of space, whereas once the pious pagan gazed down at the earth, full of animals, trees, and rivers, to make sacrifices and offer prayers.

The word sacrifice means "to make holy." Indeed, we would have to sacrifice something precious to reinstate pagan sensibility, but then we would have restored to us our world and our souls.

– Thomas Moore
Excerpted from Original Self:
Living with Paradox and Originality
pp. 111-113

See also the previous Wild Reed posts:
• The Pagan Roots of All Saints Day
• Halloween Thoughts
• An All Hallow's Eve Reflection
• A Hallowtide Reflection
• "Call Upon Those You Love"
• All You Holy Men and Women
• Our Sacred Journey Continues: An All Saints and Souls Day Reflection
• An All Souls Day Reflection
• "A Dark Timelessness and Stillness Surrounds Her Wild Abandonment"
• Magician Among the Spirits

Related Off-site Links:
Halloween – Summer’s End, a Feast for Remembering – Kieran Bohan (A Brave Faith, October 31, 2015).
If a Druid Rings the Doorbell – Michael Tortorello (The New York Times, October 30, 2013).
The Secret History of Gay Saints the Catholic Church Doesn’t Want You to Read – Tris Reid-Smith (Gay Star News, December 22, 2016).
Why The Witch Is the Scariest Historical Film Ever – Melissa J. Gismondi (The Conversation via Slate, October 31, 2017).
How the Dead Danced With the Living in Medieval Society – Ashby Kinch (The Conversation, October 29, 2017).
What Ancient Cultures Teach Us About Grief, Mourning and Continuity of Life – Daniel Wojcik and Robert Dobler (The Conversation, November 1, 2017).

Image: Cernunnos, the Antlered One (model and photographer unknown).

Monday, October 31, 2016

An All Hallow's Eve Reflection

Writes Deborah Oak Cooper . . .

The dead from many ages swirl around us. They come to delight in our living bodies, to hear the music of our heartbeats, to remind us how precious that sound is; how they miss it; how fleeting life is. Rejoice, they say. Every moment is a treasure and a responsibility. Everything we do in life, every step we take, we can impact what comes after us. Tonight, as we dance, decide if you want to do the work that could ensure that someday your name will be called and that you will come to dance with the living. What steps can you take to help ensure that this dance of life and death will continue? That sometime in the future the children of our children will call our names and dance with us the double spiral of life and death on this wondrous green planet earth.

The dead swirl among us, reminding us how wondrous this world is, how sacred the earth is. Life is sacred. The dead know that in their bones.

Feel the blood, the precious blood, coursing through your bodies. Rejoice in it. It is sacred.

Know that you dance tonight with the dead, to remember how sacred the life-force is and to renew your pledge (or make it for the first time) to protect it, to protect the living body of our Mother Earth, and to take delight in her, to not only fight for clean water, clean air, and preservation of the wild places, but to relish and to delight in them, to breathe them in, and to delight in our life, to delight in our senses.

The dead exist to remind us that life is sweet – oh, so sweet. Savor it. It is also oh so short.

This is what the dead come to remind us.

Feel them around us everywhere tonight. So many dead; so many ancestors from so many different lands and cultures. They come to dance with us and to dance together, to make magic, to make change. Magic that will help us renew this sweet green earth and the beauty of the wild. Magic that will open hearts and senses with each dancing step.

So come now. It is time to dance with the dead and with the living, to work our magic so that this dance will continue, so that life will thrive on this green planet. And as you dance, feel the power build above you and below you, increasing power and magic in both worlds. Feel the power as we dance the double spiral which is our own genetic code, the symbol of this glorious cycle of life and death.

– Deborah Oak Cooper
Excerpted from "Samhain Journey Meditation"
in The Pagan Book of Living and Dying
by Starhawk, et al (Eds.)
pp. 89-90

Tuesday, November 03, 2015

Magician Among the Spirits

See also the previous Wild Reed posts:
• A Magical Time and Place
• The Pagan Roots of All Saints Day
• "I Caught a Glimpse of a God"
• "A Dark Timelessness and Stillness Surrounds Her Wild Abandonment"
• Buffy Sainte-Marie and That "Human-Being Magic"

Note: The title of this post is taken from the 1996 song (and album) "Magician Among the Spirits" by the Australian band The Church. Notes Wikipedia:

Magician Among the Spirits is the tenth album by the Australian psychedelic rock band The Church, released in August 1996. The album title was inspired by a book written by Harry Houdini and C. M. Eddy, Jr. (uncredited) in 1924, in which the famed magician discussed his investigations of spirit mediums. A photographic negative of Houdini is incorporated as the centrepiece of the album artwork.

AllMusic.com notes that Magician Among the Spirits is "that rare treasure that is an album full of songs both to hum and ponder."

Image: Michael J. Bayly.

Monday, November 02, 2015

An All Souls Day Reflection

I recently came across the following quote by Alan Watts and the above illustration by Elspeth McLean and thought how appropriate they both are for All Souls Day. After all, our soul is that deepest part of us infused with the Divine Presence, the "energy of the universe," to use Watts words. And as Watts reminds us, this energy infuses all things. Thus all things are ensouled.

All souls, indeed!

I seem, like everything else, to be a center, a sort of vortex, at which the whole energy of the universe realizes itself . . . Each one of us, not only human beings but every leaf, every tree, exists in the way it does, only because everything else around it does. The individual and the universe are inseparable.

– Alan Watts

Saturday, November 01, 2025

Friday, October 31, 2025

Thursday, October 31, 2024

Tuesday, October 31, 2023

Tuesday, November 01, 2022

Monday, October 31, 2022

Sunday, October 31, 2021

Saturday, October 31, 2020

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Wednesday, October 31, 2018

Tuesday, October 31, 2017

Monday, October 31, 2016

Tuesday, November 03, 2015

Monday, November 02, 2015

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